Resources
White Papers
1. Targeted Venom Desensitization and Neutralization - A white paper by Crystal Whitten, PhD, MS
Targeted Venom Desensitization and Neutralization - A white paper by Crystal Whitten, PhD, MS
2. VenomX White Paper - Retailers and Other Interested Parties
VenomX White Paper - Retailers and Other Interested Parties - PDF
Professional
1. Management of Marine Envenomations
Management of Marine Envenomations
Management of Marine Envenomations - PDF
2. Unified Treatment Algorithm for the Management of Cotaline Snakebite in the United States - BMC Emergency Medicine (2011)
Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States - PDF
3. The Chemistry of Snake Venom and it's Medicinal Potential (Nature Reviews Chemistry volume 6, pages 451–469 (2022))
The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential - Nature Reviews Chemistry
The Chemistry of Snake Venom and it's Medicinal Potential - PDF
4. Use of Stun Guns for Venomous Bites and Stings: A Review (Sage Journal Vol. 12 Issue 2 - 2001)
https://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080-6032(01)70702-8/fulltext
Use of Stun Guns for Venomous Bites and Stings - PDF
Comments by Crystal Whitten, PhD
- In the introduction paragraph, the author incorrectly cites 25,000 to 100,000 kV and it should read: 25 to 100 kV and 4.5 A should read 4.5 mA.
- In the same paragraph, the reference to high amperage shown in the parentheses should read < 190 mA.
- Regarding references 13 and 25, we feel the animal models they used were not an approximation of what occurs in vivo when a human or animal is envenomated in the wild.
- Reference 9 appropriately cites 4.5 mAmps.
- Under the safety section of the article, again the amperage quoted as 2.9 to 8.1 Amps and should read milliamps (mA) - reference 3.
5. More on Spider Bites and Stun Guns (Osborn Vol. 85 No. 7)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8426245/ - PubMed
More on Spider Bites and Stun Guns - PDF
6. Treatment of Spider Bites by High Voltage Current (Osborn Vol. 84 No. 6)
Treatment of Spider Bites by High Voltage Current (Osborn Vol 84 No. 6)
Treatment of Spider Bites by High Voltage Current (Osborn Vol 84 No. 6) - PDF
Anecdotal
1. A Discussion on Treating Snake Bite with Electric Shock (24hourcampfire.com)
24 Hour Campfire - Can You Treat a Snake Bite with Electric Shock - PDF
2. 7 Most Venomous Marine Animals in the World (Div.Site Blog 2020)
7 Most Venomous Marine Animals in the World
7 Most Venomous Marine Animals in the World - PDF
3. Electrical Stimulation Can Help to Heal Bites and Stings
https://www.naturalnews.com/022386_electromedicine_electrical_stimulation.html
Electrical Stimulations Can Help to Heal Bites and Stings - PDF
Other/Lay Publications
1. Venomous snakebites kill thousands every year. A California doctor may have a solution - (L.A. Times 2023)
Venomous snakebites kill thousands every year. A California doctor may have a solution
Venomous snakebites kill thousands every year. A California doctor may have a solution - PDF
2. Snake Doctor Controversy Shocks Inventor (The Oklahoman 1990)
3. Society of Health - Shocks for Snake Bites
Society of Health - Shocks for Snake Bites
Society of Health - Shocks for Snake Bites - PDF
4. Venomous Animal Bites and Stings in Active Component U.S. Service Members, 2008–2023
Venomous Animal Bites and Stings in Active Component U.S. Service Members, 2008–2023
Venomous Animal Bites and Stings in Active Component U.S. Service Members, 2008–2023 - PDF
Non-electron Alternative Therapies for Venomous Bites and Stings
1. Mucuna Pruriens
1. Scirè A et al. The belonging of gpMuc, a glycoprotein from Mucuna pruriens seeds, to the Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor family explains its direct anti-snake venom activity. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:887-895.
2. Hope-Onyekwere NS et al. Effects of Mucuna pruriens protease inhibitors on Echis carinatus venom. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1913-1919.
3. Fung SY, Tan NH, Sim SM. Protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract pretreatment against cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Mala7yan pit viper) venom in rats. Trop Biomed 2010; 27:366-372.
4. Fung SY, Tan NH, Sim SM. Protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract pretreatment against cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Mala7yan pit viper) venom in rats. Trop Biomed 2010; 27:366-372.
5. Fung SY et al. Effect of Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Pretreatment on the Responses of Spontaneously Beating Rat Atria and Aortic Ring to Naja sputatrix (Javan Spitting Cobra) Venom. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:486390.
6. Fung SY et al. Mucuna pruriens Linn. seed extract pretreatment protects against cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular depressant effects of Naja sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) venom in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2011; 49:254-259.